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G. C. Joshi , K. C. Tiwari , R. N. Tiwari , M. R. Uniyal

Abstract

Panax pseudoginseng is an sman perennial herb of family Araliaceae, popularly known as 'Ginseng' is an important medicinal plant used for various diseases. Its tuberous ischolar_mains are the chief source of Chinese Miraculous drug "Sanchi". It is scarcely found in temperate regions of Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal and China. It is an endangered species and verge to extinction. But its cultivation has not been taken up till now. Recently it has been collected for the first time by authors from the temperate to alpine region of District Pithoragarh, U.P. It can be cultivated by seedlings raised from seed or from wilding. It is a good Source of income for the people living in the interior hills and needs conservation in natural habitat.

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R. N. Tiwari ¹, Diwakar Mishra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IN

Abstract

1-9m thick Dhosa Oolite Member of Chan Formation exposed in Kachchh Mainland, western India, represents a condensed transgressive sequence of the Oxfordtan age. It is composed of hard and compact, fossilifeious, sandy/conglomeratic oolitic limestone interbedded with friable, thinly bedded calcareous siltstone/fine sandstone Field&petrographic studies revealed six microfacies namely, (i)sandy/pebbly ironstone(A₁), (ii)conglomeratic fossililerous ironstone (A₂), (iii)conglomeratic fossiliferous oolitic packstone(B₁), (iv) sandy oolitic packstone (B₂), (v) siltstone (C₁), (vi) fine grained sandstone (C₂). These microfacies are grouped in to three microfacies assemblages namely (i)sandy oolitic Packstone-Siltstone assemblage (B₂-C₁), (ii) Siltstone-Fine grained sandstone assemblage (C₁ - C₂) and (iii) conglomeratic fossiliferous oolitic packstone - fine grained sandstone assemblage (C₂-B₁).

The study of microfacies suggests that the deposition of the Dhosa Oolite Member took place in an open marine shallow shelf environment with clear proximal-to'distal trend from southeast to northwest. Two transgressive pulses were responsible for its formation. An earlier slow and frequently interrupted transgression together with subsidence is lecordedby abrupt change in clastic grain size, mixing of two lithologies and abundance of siliciclastics in each microfacies Later, rapid transgression is suggested by the extremely reduced thickness, erosive to irregular contacts, development of intraformatjonal conglomerates, multi phase reworked sediments, an increase in the abundance of carbonates and ammonites and negligible sediment input Lateral vanation in the microfacies and their assemblages together with variable extent of marine mega fauna (ammonites) from southeast to northwest marks the depositional slope ot the basin towards northwest during studied interval. The mixed lithologies in this condensed sequence together with the bioturbated nature of sediments suggest that the rate of sedimentation was extremely slow.

Keywords

Microfacies, Transgressive Condensed Sequence, Dhosa Oolite Member, Oxtordian, Kachchh, Gujarat.

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Diwakar Mishra ¹, R. N. Tiwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, IN

Abstract

Provenance of the siliciclastic rocks of Patcharn and Chari Formations (Bathonian to Oxfordian) has been ascertained by means of heavy mineral studies. The study shows abundance of transparent heavies like garnet, zircon, tourmaline, staurofite, rutile, hornblende, andalusite, kyanite, anatase and epidote, in decreasing order, and constitute 26.47 per cent of total heavies. The opaque group is represented mainly by goethite and limonite, which constitute 73.45 per cent. The statistical data of heavies reveals that garnet, zircon and tourmaline are more or less uniform throughout the stratigraphic column and constitute 43.92 per cent, 22.27 per cent and 19.99 per cent respectively. The average percentage of staurolite and rutile is 5.40 and 4.52. The percentage of anatase, kyanite, hornblende, anddusite and epidote is very less. On the basis of distribution pattern of heavy minerals in stratigraphic column, heavies are grouped into two distinct assemblages i.e. (i) Garnet-Staurolite-Hornblende-Kyanite-Epidotaes semblage, (ii) prismatic and rounded to subrounded grains of Zircon-Tourmaline-Rutile assemblage.

The presence of heavy mineral assemblages in the stratigraphic column reveals that the sediments of Patcham and Chari Formations have been derived mainly from two 1ithologicalIy different Precambrian terrains; one is dominated by metamorphic rocks and the other is igneous (acid and basic), besides a little contribution of sedimentary source. Source rocks were situated close to basin of deposition in the noflheast and east i.e. Aravalli range and north and northwest dominated by Granite-Syenite suite belonging to Nagar-Parkar Massif. The variable ZTR index indicates manifestation of relief and climatic change in the source area.

Keywords

Heavy Minerals, Provenance, Patcham-Chari Formations, Jhura Dome, Kachchh Basin, Gujarat.

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D. P. Dubey ¹, R. N. Tiwari ², Umesh Dwivedi ³

Affiliations
1 7/275 Murlidhar Colony, Civil Lines, Rewa - 486 001, IN
2 Department of Geology, Government Model Science College, Rewa, IN
3 Department of Geology, Shriyut College, Gangeo, Rewa, IN

Abstract

Occurrence of sand filled ferruginised nodules from the shaly unit in the basal part of Gonvindgarh Sandstone of the Rewa Group of the Vindhyan Supergroup, is discussed. Randomly oriented within the host sediment, the nodules range in length from 2 cm to 25 cm. Width and thickness are variable within the nodule. Nodules show no relationship with the bedding of the host rock. Nodules are made up of quartz grains, micas and haematite. Poikilitic growth, due to precipitation of ferruginous material within cavities of the host sediment, is suggested as the possible mode of origin of the nodules.

Keywords

Ferruginous Nodules, Sandstones, Vindhyan Supergroup, Sidhi District, Madhya Pradesh.

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G. S. Tiwari ¹, R. N. Tiwari ², K. N. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Petrology Division, Geological Survey of India, Lucknow - 226 024, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN

Abstract

Quartz grain surface features of recent sediments saniples collected from vertical profiles developed in channel bar, point bar and natural levee deposits around the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers at Allahabnd, UP, were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study reveals the existence of several surface features as a result of mechanical and chemical action on the quartz grains.

In channel bar and point bar deposits, mechanicaf features like low relief, v-shaped impact pits of coalescing nature and conchoidal fracture are dominating surface textures, which indicate the high-energy fluviatile depositional environment. Features like surface pits and surface solution are common in quartz grains from natural levee deposits. These surface textures owe their origin to chemical dissolution, which is possible only in low energy conditions associated with the deposition of natural levee and flood plain deposits.

Keywords

SEM-Microtextures, Quartz Grains, Fluvial Sediments, Ganga-Yamuna, U.P.

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R. K. Singh ¹, R. N. Tiwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Government Science College, Rewa - 486 001, IN

Abstract

In this article, we want to examine the presence of various types of zoning and spatial distribution of luminescence activating trace elements including REEs in natural fluorites from carbonatite rocks of Ambadongar, Gujarat. At Ambadongar, fluorite occurs as veins and vugs in different colours e.g. blue, yellow, green and purple associated with carbonatite and alkaline rocks. Cathodoluminescence microscopy was used to study the internal morphology including growth sectors, growth bands and concentric zoning patterns in fluorite crystals.

Keywords

Fluorites, Zoning, Carbonatite, Ambadongar, Gujarat.

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G. S. Tiwari ¹, R. N. Tiwari ², K. N. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Petrology Division, Geological Survey of India, Lucknow - 226 024, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN

Abstract

The modern sediments of Ganga and Yamuna rivers at Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh are studied in 17 vertical sections of channel bar, point bar and natural levee deposits. Based on this study nine lithofacies, i.e. St, Sp₂, Sp₁, Sr₁, Sr₂, SI, Sh, FI and Fm (8-Sand and 1-Mud sub-lithofacies) have been identified. An attempt has been made to evolve a generalised lithofacies succession for channel bar, point bar and natural levee deposits. The channel bar exhibits the lithofacies succession of Sp₂, Sp₁, Sr₂, Sr₁, Sh and FI; Sp₂, Sp₁, Sr₁ Sh and FI succession in point bar-and Sp₂, Sp₁, Sr₁, Sh, FI and Fm lithofacies succession in natural levee deposits. No major difference in channel bar and point bar lithofacies succession have been found. The point bars are characterised by trough cross-bedded lithofacies - St, which are formed by the migration of 3-D dunes. The Fm lithofacies is characteristics of natural levee, the muddy deposits often show desiccation cracks. Deposition of mud takes place in low energy conditions mostly during receding floods.

Keywords

Quaternary Sediments, Facies Architecture, Lithofacies Code, Fluvial Geomorphic Units, Ganga and Yamuna Rivers, Allahabad.

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